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Contribution margin

Contribution margin is selling price minus variable cost per unit — the amount each unit contributes toward covering fixed costs and, once those are covered, generating profit.

Also known asCM

ByHoang TruongUpdated

FrameworkCost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis

See it move

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A segmented bar shows the selling price of €50 divided into two parts: variable cost of €32 and contribution margin of €18. The contribution margin of €18 per unit first covers fixed costs of €72,000, requiring 4,000 units to break even; every unit sold beyond that threshold earns €18 in operating profit.

Where it fits
SubjectCost AccountingCoreTopicCost-Volume-Profit AnalysisCore

The formula

LaTeX
CM=pvCM = p - v

Variables

selling price per unit (€ per unit)
variable cost per unit (€ per unit)

The amount each unit contributes toward covering total fixed costs and, once those are recovered, generating profit.

LaTeX
TCM=CM×QTCM = CM \times Q

Variables

contribution margin per unit (€ per unit)
units sold (units)

Check yourself

PracticeCORE

A product sells for €45. Its direct materials cost €12, direct labour costs €8, variable manufacturing overhead costs €5, and the allocated share of fixed manufacturing overhead is €6. What is the contribution margin per unit?

Select an answer to check your understanding.
Contribution Margin — CM Per Unit Explained