Sum-of-parts valuation
Sum-of-parts valuation values each division of a diversified group separately, aggregates the totals, and deducts central costs and net debt. It reveals value hidden when a single multiple is applied to a conglomerate's blended earnings.
FrameworkRelative valuation
See it move
A diversified group's three divisions are valued separately at €600m, €450m and €300m, summing to €1,350m in enterprise value. Subtracting €150m of capitalised central costs and €200m of net debt leaves a sum-of-parts equity value of €1,000m. If the group's actual market capitalisation sits below that figure, the shortfall is the conglomerate discount the market applies to complex structures.
The formula
Variables
- enterprise value of segment i, estimated using the most appropriate method for that segment
- annual unallocated group-level overhead (capitalised as a perpetuity)
- discount rate used to capitalise the central costs
- total financial debt minus cash and equivalents at group level
The perpetuity capitalisation assumes central costs are permanent; replace with a DCF projection if not. Unfunded pension deficits should also be deducted. When the sum exceeds group market capitalisation, the gap is the conglomerate discount.
Check yourself
An analyst values a conglomerate's two divisions separately: Division 1 at €400m and Division 2 at €300m. Unallocated central overhead is capitalised at €50m. Net debt is €120m. What is the equity value under the sum-of-parts approach?