Calculators
Free finance, accounting, and statistics calculators, with the formula and a worked example behind every result.
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Accounting
Break-Even Point
Find the sales volume where profit hits zero.
Break-even units = Fixed costs ÷ (Price − Variable cost per unit)
Contribution Margin
Find how much each sale contributes toward fixed costs.
Contribution margin per unit = Price − Variable cost per unit; ratio = CM ÷ Price; total = CM × quantity
Markup vs. Margin
Convert between markup on cost and margin on price.
Markup = (Price − Cost) ÷ Cost; Margin = (Price − Cost) ÷ Price
Finance
Net Present Value (NPV)
Discount a cash-flow stream back to today to see if it creates value.
NPV = sum of (cash flow at period t ÷ (1 + discount rate)^t), for every period
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Solve for the discount rate at which a project's NPV is exactly zero.
IRR is the rate r that makes NPV = sum of (cash flow at period t ÷ (1 + r)^t) equal zero
Payback Period
Find how long it takes cumulative cash flow to recover the investment.
Payback period = the last full period before cumulative cash flow turns non-negative, plus the fraction of the next period needed to close the remaining gap
Return on Investment (ROI)
Find the total and annualized return on an investment.
ROI = (Final value − Cost) ÷ Cost; Annualized ROI = (Final value ÷ Cost)^(1/years) − 1
Compound Interest
Project how a balance grows when interest earns interest on itself.
Final balance = principal × (1 + periodic rate)^periods + contribution × ((1 + periodic rate)^periods − 1) ÷ periodic rate
Statistics
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